21 setiembre 2007

The garua in Lima falls mainly on the ellyey






Wiki says...



Of the verbal habits of Limenos (n-yeh that):

~The Lima accent does not have a strong intonation as the rest of the Spanish-speaking world does. (Some scholars believe that it is because of climate factors; young people tend to speak too fast, and the lower class and outcast boys' tonal curve is from Andean or remote Black origin).


~In Lima there is no loss of syllable-final /s/ before a vowel or the end of a sentence. It is only aspirated in a preconsonantal position. This is unique, by all the social classes in the whole Latin American coast. The pronunciation of ese is soft predorsal.



~There is a clear (but soft) emission of the vibrants /rr/ and /r/. In syllable-final position is never assibilated like Chile, Mexico or the Andes.



~There is no confusion of /r/ with /l/ in syllable-final position like the Caribbean countries and the lower sociolects of Chile.




~The letters 'j' and 'g 'before 'e' and 'i' are pronounced as a soft palatal [ç]. The jota is velar: /x/ (resembled Castilian) in emphatic or grumpy speech, especially before 'a', 'o' and 'u'. It is never /h/. [translation: it's the throaty /khhh/ that sound like someone's coughing something up]




~Word-final /d/ is usually unvoiced or turned to /t/.



~Word-final /n/ is routinely velarized (the most highlighted Andalusian trait). [Velarization is a secondary articulation of consonants by which the back of the tongue is raised toward the velum during the articulation of the consonant.... [more translation: more throaty-ness]



~"The so-called yeismo and seseo "






YEISMO: Yeísmo (pronounced [ʝe'izmo]) is a distinctive feature of many dialects of the Spanish language, which consists of the loss of the traditional palatal lateral approximant phoneme /ʎ/ (written ll) and its merger into the phoneme /ʝ/ (written y), usually realized as a palatal fricative or affricate. The term yeísmo comes from the Spanish name of the letter y (i griega or ye). The opposite phenomenon, lleísmo (pronounced [ʎe'izmo]), is the recognition of the palatal lateral approximant phoneme /ʎ/.






Yeísmo produces homophony in a number of cases. For example, the following word pairs sound the same to speakers of dialects with yeísmo, but would be minimal pairs in áreas lleístas (i.e. areas which employ lleísmo):
haya ("beech tree" / "that there be") ~ halla ("s/he finds")
cayó ("s/he fell") ~ calló ("s/he became silent")
hoya ("pit, hole") ~ olla ("pot")
baya ("berry") and vaya ("that he go") ~ valla ("fence")






SESEO: In Spanish dialectology, the terms ceceo, seseo and distinción are used to describe the opposition between dialects that distinguish the phonemes /θ/ and /s/, and those that have merged the two sounds into either /s/ (seseo) or /θ/ (ceceo). Dialects that distinguish the two sounds, and thus pronounce the words casa ("house") and caza ("hunt") differently are described as having distinción, whereas the dialects that lack this distinction and pronounce the two words as homophones are described as having seseo if both words are pronounced with [s] or ceceo if both words are pronounced with [θ].






Distinción (which Lima does NOT employ)
Distinción refers to the differentiated pronunciation of the two phonemes written s and z (or c before e or i) in Spanish:

s is pronounced as a voiceless alveolar fricative /s/ (either laminal like in English, or apical);
c (before e/i) and z are pronounced as a voiceless interdental fricative /θ/ (the "th" in "think").
This pronunciation is the standard on which Spanish orthography was based, and it is universal in Central and Northern parts of Spain, except for some bilingual speakers of Catalan and Basque, according to Hualde (2005). It is also found in some parts of Hispanic America. Thus, in Spanish the choice between the spellings se, si and ce, ci, or za, zo, zu and sa, so, su is determined by pronunciation, unlike English, where it is often done according to etymology or pure orthographic conventions.






CHARACTERICS:
~The strong use of diminutives, double possessives and the routine use of 'pues' or 'pe' and 'nomás' in postverbal position. [HA! jajaja...HA. i think that's funny that wiki took note! wiki's quick, they are]



~/s/, is pronounced as [θ], especially in the speech of young men.


~/b/ /d/ and /g/ and intervocalic amongst younger people.


~The redudant use of verbal clitics, particularly 'lo' (the so-called loismo)



[which is... Loísmo and its feminine counterpart laísmo is a feature of certain dialects of Spanish consisting of the use of the pronouns lo or la (which are normally used for direct objects) in place of the pronoun le (which is used for indirect objects). Loísmo and laísmo are common in Castile.
A simple example of loísmo and laísmo would be saying lo hablé (lit. "I spoke him") or la hablé (lit. "I spoke her") where a speaker of a dialect without loísmo would say le hablé (lit. "I spoke to him/her").




Loísmo can also seemingly change the meaning of certain phrases, since some verbs take on a different meaning based on the case of their objects. For example, le pegué means "I hit him", but a speaker with loísmo would say lo pegué, which means "I stuck him" in dialects without loísmo.




The Real Academia Española listed loísmo and laísmo as correct in 1771; however, it condemned its usage in 1796. It currently recognizes it as a vulgarism.]





Some Common Expressions
Agarrar y + to do something (Agarré y le dije...).
Parar (en) = to frequently be somewhere or to frequently do something (Paras en la cabina).
Pasar la voz = to advice
De repente = perhaps, suddenly (depending on context).


Some traditional phrases in Lima
Anticucho = typical food consisting almost always of grilled chicken or cow heart.
Disforzarse = to be anxious.
Cachaco = soldier.
Calato = nude.
Chicotazo = lash.
Fresco/a (or conchudo/a) = shameless person.
Fregar = to bother, to ruin.
Gallinazo = typical fowl.
Garúa = tenuous rain.
Guachafo = ridiculous, gaudy.
Jarana = party.
Juerga = party.
Panteón = cemetery.
Penar = to roam in a house after dying.
Pericote = mouse.
Zamparse = to be introduced abruptly in a place or to get drunk.


Some informal words of extended use
Aguantar = to wait, to resist.
Chibolo/a = child, adolescent.
Paltearse = to be astounded, to be embarrassed.
Pata = male friend, guy.
Pollada = party where chicken is served.


Slang
Much Peruvian slang comes from inverting the syllables of a word. This is not a regular practice, but a common among teens and the low social- economic strata. This can be seen in the word 'fercho', which comes from the word 'chofer', driver. Another example is the word 'tolaca', which comes from 'calato'. Slang words do not always have to be the exact inverse of the original word: for example 'mica' comes from the word 'camisa', which means shirt

to be perused: (ha! ja! haja!) http://www.rae.es/